AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first step of protein synthesis is transcription-the unfolding of DNA and the production of a messenger-RNA (mRNA) strand. In the second step of protein synthesis-translation-tRNA and mRNA interact to code amino acids into growing polypeptide chains.

Detailed explanation-2: -2) Peptide bond formation: a peptide bond is formed between the incoming amino acid (carried by a tRNA in the A site) and methionine (a tRNA charged with methionine attached to the P site during initiation).

Detailed explanation-3: -Translation is the second step in protein synthesis. It is shown in Figure below. Translation takes place at a ribosome in the cytoplasm. During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read to make a protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Protein synthesis is accomplished through a process called translation. After DNA is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule during transcription, the mRNA must be translated to produce a protein. In translation, mRNA along with transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes work together to produce proteins.

Detailed explanation-5: -Translation is generally divided into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination (Figure 7.8). In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes the first step of the initiation stage is the binding of a specific initiator methionyl tRNA and the mRNA to the small ribosomal subunit.