AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -(1) Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins. (2) DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded information for how cells function. (3) Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino acids together into DNA. (4) Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Functionally, DNA maintains the protein-encoding information, whereas RNA uses the information to enable the cell to synthesize the particular protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -That’s known as the central dogma of molecular biology. It states that “DNA makes RNA makes protein.” Really it means that the genetic information within DNA is used to make smaller molecules of RNA, which leave the nucleus and then the genetic information in RNA is used to assemble amino acids into proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -The genetic materials in a cell, whether DNA or RNA, contain the instructions on how to assemble proteins from amino acids. The latter are organic compounds that have an amino functional group (−NH+3), a carboxylate (−CO−2) functional group, and a side chain, which uniquely identifies each type.