THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
DNA MAKES RNA MAKES PROTEIN
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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2 amino acids
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3 amino acids
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2 nucleotides
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3 nucleotides
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Detailed explanation-1: -A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis (stop signals). There are 64 different codons: 61 specify amino acids and 3 are used as stop signals.
Detailed explanation-2: -The nucleotide triplet that encodes an amino acid is called a codon. Each group of three nucleotides encodes one amino acid.
Detailed explanation-3: -Three codons, UAA, UAG, and UGA, are known as stop codons as they stop the process of translation. If this is a mutation as a stop codon and its finishes prematurely it is called an amber codon. AUG is also known as a start codon, as it initiates the process of translation.
Detailed explanation-4: -The three-letter nature of codons means that the four nucleotides found in mRNA-A, U, G, and C-can produce a total of 64 different combinations.
Detailed explanation-5: -DNA is comprised of 4 different nucleotides (A, C, T, and G), whereas proteins are made of 20 amino acids. Codons are nucleotide triplets that encode for amino acids. Thus, in order for the 4 nucleotides to account for all 20 amino acids, a minimum of 3 base pairs are required.