AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -this is then undergoing a process called as translation. As a result of this process, proteins are synthesized. Thus, we can conclude that DNA is not directly taking part in protein synthesis, but does take part indirectly.

Detailed explanation-2: -The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.

Detailed explanation-3: -Complete answer: During translation DNA is not directly involved in its process. DNA first gets transcribed to RNA to form the mRNA which then gets translated to form the amino acid chain. DNA is only used in the process of replication and transcription.

Detailed explanation-4: -For the DNA to produce proteins directly, it would have to translocate to the cytoplasm. During the process of translocating, the DNA could get damaged because of the osmotic nature of cytoplasm. To mitigate the damage, the cellular machinery does not use DNA to produce proteins directly.

Detailed explanation-5: -DNA can’t be translated to proteins. The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is called the central dogma of molecular biology, i.e mRNA is transcribed from DNA in nucleus and protein gets translated in cytoplasm/or the rough endoplasmic reticulum according to the information present on mRNA.