AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The mRNA is then pulled through the ribosome; as its codons encounter the ribosome’s active site, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence using the tRNAs as adaptors to add each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-2: -transfer RNA (tRNA) – a type of RNA that is folded into a three-dimensional structure. tRNA carries and transfers an amino acid to the polypeptide chain being assembled during translation.

Detailed explanation-3: -When a tRNA recognizes and binds to its corresponding codon in the ribosome, the tRNA transfers the appropriate amino acid to the end of the growing amino acid chain. Then the tRNAs and ribosome continue to decode the mRNA molecule until the entire sequence is translated into a protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each tRNA molecule has two distinct ends, one of which binds to a specific amino acid, and the other which binds to the corresponding mRNA codon. During translation, these tRNAs carry amino acids to the ribosome and join with their complementary codons.

Detailed explanation-5: -Transfer RNAs carry the amino acids required for protein synthesis. mRNA carries the code for amino acids that undergoes translation in the ribosomes. This leads to the formation of a polypeptide chain that undergoes further folding and processing to form a functional protein.