AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The mRNA is then pulled through the ribosome; as its codons encounter the ribosome’s active site, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence using the tRNAs as adaptors to add each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-2: -A second kind of RNA, called messenger RNA or mRNA, moves genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome. Messenger RNA provides the ribosome with the blueprints for building proteins. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -Initiation codons in bacterial mRNAs are preceded by a specific sequence (called a Shine-Delgarno sequence, after its discoverers) that aligns the mRNA on the ribosome for translation by base-pairing with a complementary sequence near the 3´ terminus of 16S rRNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. They are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA forms ribosomes, which are essential in protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Protein synthesis begins in the nucleus where transcription occurs. Transcription copies DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm where it localizes to the ribosome. The ribosome then reads the mRNA and attaches amino acids together based on the codon sequence.