THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
DNA MAKES RNA MAKES PROTEIN
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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the base increases rate of translation
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the base causes DNA to be transcribed in opposite direction
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the inserted base causes the codons in the sequence to be incorrect for the desired protein
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the base signals enzymes to translate DNA rather than RNA
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Detailed explanation-1: -An insertion changes the DNA sequence by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. As a result, the protein made from the gene may not function properly. A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.
Detailed explanation-2: -Alteration of the sequence of bases in DNA can alter the structure of proteins. Sections of DNA which function as genes are transcribed into ‘pre-mRNA’, then edited and spliced to form mature messenger RNA (mRNA).
Detailed explanation-3: -When a nucleotide base is mistakenly added or deleted to a DNA sequence, it impacts every subsequent codon in the sequence because it shifts the entire queue either forward or backward by one nucleotide base.
Detailed explanation-4: -Firstly, DNA is packed very tightly. Unwinding it every now and then to facilitate protein translation would consume too much energy. In addition to being energy inefficient, there is also a high risk of loss of genetic material. Secondly, protein translation occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.