AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -These nitrogenous bases are attached to C1’ of deoxyribose through a glycosidic bond. Deoxyribose attached to a nitrogenous base is called a nucleoside. A nucleoside attached to a phosphate group is known as a nucleotide. The nucleotides are linked together by phosphodiester bonds.

Detailed explanation-2: -The sugar may be ribose or deoxyribose. The nitrogenous bases are purines or pyrimidines. Nitrogen base is attached to the C-1 of the pentose sugar.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nucleosides are nitrogenous bases that are covalently bonded to ribose or deoxyribose by a N-glycosidic bond. So a nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base covalently attached to a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) but without the phosphate group.

Detailed explanation-4: -The bases are attached to the sugar part of the backbone in DNA. The DNA molecule is shaped like a ladder. The backbone, or outer edges of the molecule, are made of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. Attached to the sugars are the bases.

Detailed explanation-5: -The phosphate group is attached to the 5′ carbon atom of the sugar, and the base is attached to the 1′ carbon atom. There is an additional free hydroxyl group (–OH) attached to the 3′ carbon atom.