AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In transcription, DNA is converted to mRNA. It takes place in the nucleus of a cell. The newly formed mRNA, undergoes processing, and moves out into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores, to proceed with the next step of protein synthesis, which is translation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transcription occurs in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes because eukaryotes store the DNA in the nucleus. In prokaryotes, there is no nucleus and the DNA is in the cytoplasm. Thus, transcription can occur in the cytoplasm as well.

Detailed explanation-3: -In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transcription occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotic organisms, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum. Both processes occur in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes. The factor controlling these processes is RNA polymerase in transcription and ribosomes in translation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Animal cell is an example of eukaryotic cell. In eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs in nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized on DNA template and the newly synthesised mRNA moves from nucleus into cytoplasm.