AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In prokaryotic cells, polymerase III is the major replicative polymerase, functioning in the synthesis both of the leading strand of DNA and of Okazaki fragments by the extension of RNA primers. Polymerase I then removes RNA primers and fills the gaps between Okazaki fragments.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primer and fills in the gaps with DNA. However, DNA polymerase I cannot catalyze the reaction to remove the nicks. Another enzyme, DNA ligase, seals the nicks by forming the phosphodiester bond, thus generating a continuous sugar-phosphate backbone for the lagging strand.

Detailed explanation-3: -Which protein is responsible for the removal of the RNA primer from the 5’ end of a lagging strand of DNA, and replacing it with DNA nucleotides? Explanation: DNA Polymerase I removes the primer from the 5’ end of a lagging strand, and replaces it with DNA nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-4: -The main function of the third polymerase, Pol III, is duplication of the chromosomal DNA, while other DNA polymerases are involved mostly in DNA repair and translesion DNA synthesis. Together with a DNA helicase and a primase, Pol III HE participates in the replicative apparatus that acts at the replication fork.

Detailed explanation-5: -DNA polymerase 3 is the main enzyme catalysing the 5’