AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first step of protein synthesis is transcription-the unfolding of DNA and the production of a messenger-RNA (mRNA) strand. In the second step of protein synthesis-translation-tRNA and mRNA interact to code amino acids into growing polypeptide chains.

Detailed explanation-2: -It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transcription is the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is used to construct a functional product such as a protein. The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-4: -The first step in transcription is initiation, when the RNA pol binds to the DNA upstream (5′) of the gene at a specialized sequence called a promoter (Figure 2a).

Detailed explanation-5: -In order for a cell to manufacture these proteins, specific genes within its DNA must first be transcribed into molecules of mRNA; then, these transcripts must be translated into chains of amino acids, which later fold into fully functional proteins.