AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The mRNA is then pulled through the ribosome; as its codons encounter the ribosome’s active site, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence using the tRNAs as adaptors to add each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-2: -transfer RNA (tRNA) – a type of RNA that is folded into a three-dimensional structure. tRNA carries and transfers an amino acid to the polypeptide chain being assembled during translation.

Detailed explanation-3: -As tRNAs enter slots in the ribosome and bind to codons, their amino acids are linked to the growing polypeptide chain in a chemical reaction. The end result is a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence mirrors the sequence of codons in the mRNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -The P site holds the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain. The E site serves as a threshold. It holds the tRNA without its amino acid, which is then released by ribosome.

Detailed explanation-5: -The P (polypeptide) site is the location at which the amino acid is transferred from its tRNA to the growing polypeptide chain. Finally, the E (exit) site is the location at which the “empty” tRNA sits before being released back into the cytoplasm to bind another amino acid and repeat the process.