AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -RNA carries genetic information that is translated by ribosomes into various proteins necessary for cellular processes. mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transfer RNA (tRNA) tRNAs are an essential component of translation, where their main function is the transfer of amino acids during protein synthesis. Therefore, they are called transfer RNAs.

Detailed explanation-3: -mRNA (messenger RNA): it provides the template for protein synthesis during translation. tRNA (transfer RNA): it brings amino acids and reads the genetic code during translation. rRNA (ribosomal RNA): it plays a structural and catalytic role during translation.

Detailed explanation-4: -The main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Specifically, RNA polymerase builds an RNA strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction, adding each new nucleotide to the 3’ end of the strand.

Detailed explanation-5: -The statement that “mRNA is the only type of RNA found in the living system, ” is false. There are various types of RNA in cells, such as rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, and miRNA. All these RNA species fulfill specific duties.