AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, proteins are made using the information stored in the mRNA sequence. The mRNA attaches to a structure called a ribosome that can read the genetic information.

Detailed explanation-2: -Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -These differ slightly in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms: in prokaryotes, translation occurs in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotes, translation takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Detailed explanation-4: -For nuclear translation to occur, essential components such as ribosomes, tRNAs, and translation factors must be present in the nucleus, in addition to the mRNA.

Detailed explanation-5: -The ribosome has three sites for tRNA binding, designated the P (peptidyl), A (aminoacyl), and E (exit) sites. The initiator methionyl tRNA is bound at the P site. The first step in elongation is the binding of the next aminoacyl tRNA to the A site by pairing with the second codon of the mRNA.