AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Translation Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -The mRNA is then pulled through the ribosome; as its codons encounter the ribosome’s active site, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence using the tRNAs as adaptors to add each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-3: -The tRNA binds and brings to the ribosome the amino acid encoded by the mRNA. The process of reading the mRNA code in the ribosome to make a protein is called translation (Figure below): the mRNA is translated from the language of nucleic acids (nucleotides) to the language of proteins (amino acids).

Detailed explanation-4: -The role of mRNA is to carry protein information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm (watery interior), where the protein-making machinery reads the mRNA sequence and translates each three-base codon into its corresponding amino acid in a growing protein chain.