AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During every cell division, a cell must duplicate its chromosomal DNA through a process called DNA replication. The duplicated DNA is then segregated into two “daughter” cells that inherit the same genetic information. This process is called chromosome segregation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Definition. DNA replication is the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells. Before a cell divides, it must first copy (or replicate) its entire genome so that each resulting daughter cell ends up with its own complete genome.

Detailed explanation-3: -All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication. For simple unicellular microorganisms such as the amoeba, one cell division is equivalent to reproduction – an entire new organism is created.

Detailed explanation-4: -Before a cell divides, its entire genetic information is replicated: An identical copy of each chromosome is made. The strands of DNA become more tightly packed into a condensed form and can be seen under a microscope. Each original DNA strand and its copy remain attached to each other in one place.

Detailed explanation-5: -The initiation of DNA replication occurs in two steps. First, a so-called initiator protein unwinds a short stretch of the DNA double helix. Then, a protein known as helicase attaches to and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the DNA strands, thereby pulling apart the two strands.