AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The central enzyme involved is DNA polymerase, which catalyzes the joining of deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (dNTPs) to form the growing DNA chain.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA polymerase and – The main DNA polymerases for nuclear replication. DNA polymerase – It is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. DNA polymerase – Its main function is to repair DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template.

Detailed explanation-4: -DNA polymerases catalyze efficient and high fidelity DNA synthesis. While this reaction favors nucleotide incorporation, polymerases also catalyze a reverse reaction, pyrophosphorolysis, removing the DNA primer terminus and generating deoxynucleoside triphosphates.

Detailed explanation-5: -The primary role of DNA polymerases is to accurately and efficiently replicate the genome in order to ensure the maintenance of the genetic information and its faithful transmission through generations.