AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When a nucleotide base is mistakenly added or deleted to a DNA sequence, it impacts every subsequent codon in the sequence because it shifts the entire queue either forward or backward by one nucleotide base.

Detailed explanation-2: -After the primer is in place on a single, unwound polynucleotide strand, DNA polymerase wraps itself around that strand, and it attaches new nucleotides to the exposed nitrogenous bases. In this way, the polymerase assembles a new DNA strand on top of the existing one (Figure 3).

Detailed explanation-3: -If these mistakes are not corrected, this can lead to a mutation: a change in the sequence of DNA. Uncorrected mutations may sometimes lead to serious consequences, such as cancer. One way that a mutation can occur is through DNA polymerase inserting a wrong base.

Detailed explanation-4: -DNA base pair. Under normal circumstances, the nitrogen-containing bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together.