AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus . During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA ( mRNA ). The molecule of mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which “reads” the sequence of mRNA nucleotides. Each sequence of three nucleotides, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases-transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a template molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA).

Detailed explanation-4: -Translation is the second step of protein synthesis. Once transcription and the following processing are complete, translation is initiated. This is where the newly created mRNA’s genetic code is read and used to produce protein molecules. Once mRNA leaves the nucleus it travels to a ribosome.

Detailed explanation-5: -Protein synthesis is a two-part process because it allows for more precise control. Protein synthesis starts with transcription in the nucleus, where DNA is copied to mRNA. Then, the mRNA is processed and exported to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes and proteins can read and assemble them.