AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This primer permits the next step in the replication process. Meanwhile, as the helicase separates the strands, another enzyme called primase briefly attaches to each strand and assembles a foundation at which replication can begin. This foundation is a short stretch of nucleotides called a primer (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-2: -Changes to short stretches of nucleotides are called gene-level mutations, because these mutations affect the specific genes that provide instructions for various functional molecules, including proteins. Changes in these molecules can have an impact on any number of an organism’s physical characteristics.

Detailed explanation-3: -The problem is solved with the help of an enzyme called primase. Primase makes an RNA primer, or short stretch of nucleic acid complementary to the template, that provides a 3’ end for DNA polymerase to work on. A typical primer is about five to ten nucleotides long.

Detailed explanation-4: -On the leading strand, DNA is synthesized continuously, whereas on the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized in short stretches called Okazaki fragments.

Detailed explanation-5: -Primers are short stretches of nucleotides (about 10 to 12 bases in length) synthesized by an RNA polymerase enzyme called primase.