AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This is carried out by an enzyme? called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds? holding the complementary? bases? of DNA together (A with T, C with G). The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’.

Detailed explanation-2: -The procedure relies on two enzyme complexes: a DNA helicase splits the strands of DNA apart enabling the second enzyme complex, a DNA polymerase, to attach organic bases to the new strands.

Detailed explanation-3: -Helicases are enzymes that are responsible for untwisting the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available to serve as templates for DNA replication.

Detailed explanation-4: -The strand that opens in the 3’ to 5’ direction towards the replication fork is referred to as the lagging strand. The strand that runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction in the replication fork is referred to as the leading strand. The strand is replicated discontinuously. The strand is replicated continuously.

Detailed explanation-5: -The enzyme helicase is responsible for splitting DNA along the base pairs. Helicase moves along the DNA strand unzipping the strand just as a zipper moves along unzipping two sections of clothing.