AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of a DNA-protein complex that is organized in a compact manner which permits the large amount of DNA to be stored in the nucleus of the cell. The subunit designation of the chromosome is chromatin. The fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome.

Detailed explanation-2: -Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of repeated units of chromatin called nucleosomes, which were discovered by chemically digesting cellular nuclei and stripping away as much of the outer protein packaging from the DNA as possible.

Detailed explanation-3: -A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. The structure of a nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound around eight histone proteins and resembles thread wrapped around a spool. The nucleosome is the fundamental subunit of chromatin.

Detailed explanation-4: -This nucleosome combines to form a solenoid. The solenoid defines the packing of DNA as a 30 nm fibre of chromatin and results from the helical winding of at least 5 nucleosome strands. This solenoid is coiled and supercoiled to form a compact structure which can be packaged inside the nucleus.

Detailed explanation-5: -The unit of the chromosome is the gene. A gene is a DNA segment that carries information from parents to children and determines the heredity characters in the offspring.