AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An RNA primer is a short segment of single-stranded RNA used as a binding site for DNA polymerase to initiate DNA replication. DNA polymerase is only able to add nucleotides to an existing nucleotide chain; it cannot “start from scratch, ” and therefore needs the RNA primer to start the process.

Detailed explanation-2: -These primases synthesize a primer RNA once on each leading strand template to initiation DNA synthesis and repeatedly on the lagging strand template to initiate Okazaki fragment synthesis. Primase initiate synthesis from specific trinucleotides that differ according to the organism’s phylogeny.

Detailed explanation-3: -RNA primers are used by living things to start the synthesis of DNA strands. The primer needs to be created by primase before DNA replication can occur (type of RNA polymerase). The reading template on the lagging and leading strands is supplemented by a complementary RNA primer by the primase.

Detailed explanation-4: -RNA primers are key to initiating DNA synthesis. They provide the initiation sequence necessary for DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands. The RNA primer is introduced at the template DNA site by primase enzyme on both the leading and lagging strands.

Detailed explanation-5: -The lagging strand has many RNA primers while the leading strand has a single RNA primer. These RNA primers are removed by DNA polymerase I and replaced by DNA fragments. These fragments are then ligated by the DNA ligase enzyme and form two daughter strands of DNA.