AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: Amino acids are joined together at the ribosome during protein synthesis. Ribosomes attach to mRNA molecules and read the genetic code. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the appropriate amino acids as indicated by the genetic code.

Detailed explanation-2: -To form polypeptides and proteins, amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds, in which the amino or NH2 of one amino acid bonds to the carboxyl (acid) or COOH group of another amino acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Each tRNA molecule has two distinct ends, one of which binds to a specific amino acid, and the other which binds to the corresponding mRNA codon. During translation, these tRNAs carry amino acids to the ribosome and join with their complementary codons.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ribosomes translate information encoded in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). They link together specific amino acids to form polypeptides and they export these to the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-5: -Polypeptides are formed when the amino group of one amino acid forms an amide (i.e., peptide) bond with the carboxyl group of another amino acid ([link]). This reaction is catalyzed by ribosomes and generates one water molecule.