AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The problem is solved with the help of an enzyme called primase. Primase makes an RNA primer, or short stretch of nucleic acid complementary to the template, that provides a 3’ end for DNA polymerase to work on.

Detailed explanation-2: -During elongation, an enzyme called DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3′ end of the newly synthesized polynucleotide strand. The template strand specifies which of the four DNA nucleotides (A, T, C, or G) is added at each position along the new chain.

Detailed explanation-3: -For example, DNA polymerase III does most of the elongation work, adding nucleotides one by one to the 3’ end of the new and growing single strand.

Detailed explanation-4: -Primase synthesizes RNA primers complementary to the DNA strand. DNA polymerase starts adding nucleotides to the 3’-OH end of the primer.

Detailed explanation-5: -The main function of the third polymerase, Pol III, is duplication of the chromosomal DNA, while other DNA polymerases are involved mostly in DNA repair and translesion DNA synthesis.