AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Inversions. An inversion occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places; the resulting piece of DNA is reversed and re-inserted into the chromosome.

Detailed explanation-2: -Inversion reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome. Translocation occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another. Genetic material can be altered by natural events or by artificial means. The resulting mutations may or may not affect an organism.

Detailed explanation-3: -An inversion that does not include the centromere is called a paracentric (away from the centre) inversion. Both breaks are in the same arm of the chromosome. An inversion that includes the centromere is called a pericentric (around the centre) inversion.

Detailed explanation-4: -Inversions are of two types: paracentric and pericentric. Paracentric inversions do not include the centromere, and both breakpoints occur in one arm of the chromosome. Pericentric inversions span the centromere, and there is a breakpoint in each arm.

Detailed explanation-5: -What happens in an inversion? Sometimes a chromosome breaks in two places and the broken piece rejoins the same chromosome, but upside down. This is called a chromosome inversion.