AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A mutation in the promoter region can change the binding site for a transcription factor that normally binds to increase transcription.

Detailed explanation-2: -Changes to a gene’s DNA sequence, called mutations, can change the amino acid sequence of the protein it codes for-but they don’t always. A point mutation is a change to single DNA letter. They fall into three categories: Missense mutations cause a single amino acid change in the protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Silent mutation: Silent mutations cause a change in the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule, but do not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations in a gene can result in a change in the sequence of amino acids such as in frameshift mutations and in missense and nonsense mutations occurring in point mutations. However, point mutations can also lead to silent mutations.