AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-2: -Listen to pronunciation. (FRAYM-shift myoo-TAY-shun) An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-3: -A frameshift mutation is produced either by insertion or deletion of one or more new bases. Because the reading frame begins at the start site, any mRNA produced from a mutated DNA sequence will be read out of frame after the point of the insertion or deletion, yielding a nonsense protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Insertion mutations and deletion mutations are the two forms of frameshift mutations that might occur. Both have a similar overall impact, shifting the translational reading frame out of alignment and producing a random amino acid sequence.

Detailed explanation-5: -Frameshift mutations are mutations (changes in the DNA sequence) that cause the grouping of nucleotides-the reading frame-to shift out of alignment, making the gene sequence incomprehensible.