AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-2: -A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. This is important because a cell reads a gene’s code in groups of three bases when making a protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Frameshift mutations are the result of insertions or deletions that alter the reading frame of the triplet codons, thereby altering translation and altering the structure and function of the protein product.

Detailed explanation-4: -Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift variants. Some regions of DNA contain short sequences of nucleotides that are repeated a number of times in a row.

Detailed explanation-5: -Frameshift mutations occur when the coding region of a gene is altered by addition or deletion of a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three. The occurrence of a deletion versus an insertion type of frameshift depends on the nature of the transient intermediate structure formed during DNA synthesis.