AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Missense: A missense variant is a type of substitution in which the nucleotide change results in the replacement of one protein building block (amino acid) with another in the protein made from the gene. The amino acid change may alter the function of the protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -Missense Mutation A missense mutation is a DNA change that results in different amino acids being encoded at a particular position in the resulting protein. Some missense mutations alter the function of the resulting protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -A nonsense mutation, or its synonym, a stop mutation, is a change in DNA that causes a protein to terminate or end its translation earlier than expected. This is a common form of mutation in humans and in other animals that causes a shortened or nonfunctional protein to be expressed.

Detailed explanation-4: -Base substitution Base substitutions are the simplest type of gene-level mutation, and they involve the swapping of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication.

Detailed explanation-5: -(NON-sens myoo-TAY-shun) A genetic alteration that causes the premature termination of a protein. The altered protein may be partially or completely inactivated, resulting in a change or loss of protein function.