AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A nucleotide change in the DNA that does not result in an amino acid change in the protein is called a “synonomous” or “silent” mutation (see Figure 3.3).

Detailed explanation-2: -Silent mutations occur when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein-coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene’s protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nonsense Mutation A nonsense mutation occurs in DNA when a sequence change gives rise to a stop codon rather than a codon specifying an amino acid. The presence of the new stop codon results in the production of a shortened protein that is likely non-functional.

Detailed explanation-4: -Silent mutations are mutations, or changes, to a gene’s DNA sequence that have no effect on the amino acid sequence coded for by that gene; they are called silent because their effect cannot be heard.

Detailed explanation-5: -Silent mutation is a mutation that does not change the amino acids sequence of the encoded protein. Neutral mutation, on the other hand, is a mutation that has no observable effect on the organism’s fitness. This is the key difference between silent and neutral mutation.