AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-2: -Deletions or insertions of a base (or bases) into the genome cause a shift in the reading frame and are thus called frameshift mutations; they result in a grossly different translation of the message beyond the site of the mutation.

Detailed explanation-3: -A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three.

Detailed explanation-4: -Listen to pronunciation. (FRAYM-shift myoo-TAY-shun) An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-5: -Explain why insertion and deletion are called frameshift mutations using the terms reading frame, codons, and amino acids in your answer. They’re called frameshift mutations because the reading frame is essentially shifted. The editing of a codon causes the reading frame to shift resulting in a different amino acid.