AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Epigenetics allows the muscle cell to turn “on” genes to make proteins important for its job and turn “off” genes important for a nerve cell’s job.

Detailed explanation-2: -The process of turning genes on and off is known as gene regulation. Gene regulation is an important part of normal development.

Detailed explanation-3: -It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.

Detailed explanation-4: -Because the active, DNA-binding form of the protein serves to turn genes off, this mode of gene regulation is called negative control, and the gene regulatory proteins that function in this way are called transcriptional repressors or gene repressor proteins.

Detailed explanation-5: -Translational regulation of mRNA is an important step in the control of gene expression. In a general way, the efficiency of the translational apparatus can be influenced either positively or negatively by changing the level or the activity of rate-limiting protein factors taking part in the process of translation.