AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation.

Detailed explanation-2: -The cell builds proteins using instructions found in genes. Specifically, the order of nucleotides in a gene determines the order of amino acids in one or more proteins. An organism has many different genes, and so can produce many different proteins. These proteins have functions that affect the organism’s traits.

Detailed explanation-3: -The traits of a living thing depend on the complex mixture of interacting components inside it. Proteins do much of the chemical work inside cells, so they largely determine what those traits are.

Detailed explanation-4: -Genes carry the information that determines your traits (say: trates), which are features or characteristics that are passed on to you-or inherited-from your parents. Each cell in the human body contains about 25, 000 to 35, 000 genes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Each distinct gene chiefly controls the production of specific proteins, which in turn affects the traits of the individual.