AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Small deletions remove one or a few nucleotides within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes.

Detailed explanation-2: -When a single nucleotide is deleted from the gene, it leads to a frameshift mutation. Thus, the nucleotides present downstream of the deleted nucleotide will not occur in triplets. As a result, the downstream nucleotides will be incorrectly grouped as codons.

Detailed explanation-3: -Definition. A deletion, as related to genomics, is a type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA. A deletion can involve the loss of any number of nucleotides, from a single nucleotide to an entire piece of a chromosome.

Detailed explanation-4: -Substitution, as related to genomics, is a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide. The term can also refer to the replacement of one amino acid in a protein with a different amino acid.

Detailed explanation-5: -Types. Types of deletion include the following: Terminal deletion – a deletion that occurs towards the end of a chromosome. Intercalary/interstitial deletion – a deletion that occurs from the interior of a chromosome.