AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single “chemical letter” such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could: change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced.

Detailed explanation-2: -The simplest mutation is a point mutation. This occurs when one nucleotide base is substituted for another in a DNA sequence. The change can cause the wrong amino acid to be produced.

Detailed explanation-3: -A point mutation is where you change one base in the DNA to another.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: The kind of mutation that occurs when one base is changed to another at a single location in the DNA is called a point mutation. Point mutations occur when one single base is changed in the DNA sequence. Although this change is small, it can have serious affects on the protein.

Detailed explanation-5: -No, a base substitution does not always result in a different amino acid due to the Wobble Hypothesis. This hypothesis states that the third codon in the mRNA is degenerate and can be replaced by any base and still give rise to the same amino acid. This explains how multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.