AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Thus, if a mutation, for example, an insertion or a deletion of the nucleotide, occurs, this could result in the alteration of the reading frame. It completely changes the amino acid sequence. Such mutations are known as frameshift mutation (also called reading frame mutation, reading frame shift, or framing error).

Detailed explanation-2: -Frameshift. Since protein-coding DNA is divided into codons three bases long, insertions and deletions can alter a gene so that its message is no longer correctly parsed. These changes are called frameshifts.

Detailed explanation-3: -A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three.

Detailed explanation-4: -Explain why insertion and deletion are called frameshift mutations using the terms reading frame, codons, and amino acids in your answer. They’re called frameshift mutations because the reading frame is essentially shifted. The editing of a codon causes the reading frame to shift resulting in a different amino acid.

Detailed explanation-5: -An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide or a set of nucleotides may or may not cause the reading frame to shift. If it doesn’t cause the reading frame to shift, then the mutation is called a non-frameshift mutation.