AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Point mutations also include insertions and deletions. An insertion is when base pairs are added to a DNA sequence, and a deletion is when base pairs are removed from a DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-2: -A point mutation occurs in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed. While most point mutations are benign, they can also have various functional consequences, including changes in gene expression or alterations in encoded proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sometimes the term point mutation is used to describe insertions or deletions of a single base pair (which has more of an adverse effect on the synthesized protein due to the nucleotides’ still being read in triplets, but in different frames: a mutation called a frameshift mutation).

Detailed explanation-4: -Single base substitutions are called point mutations, recall the point mutation Glu—–> Val which causes sickle-cell disease. Point mutations are the most common type of mutation and there are two types.