AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Insertion Mutation Examples For example, some diseases caused by insertional mutations include: Fragile X Syndrome. Huntington’s Disease. Myotonic dystrophy.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hereditary mutations include cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and sickle cell disease. Other mutations can happen on their own during a person’s life. These are called sporadic, spontaneous, or new mutations. They affect only some cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -In Summary: Major Types of Mutations Mutations can be of many types, such as substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-4: -An insertion mutation occurs when an extra nucleotide is added to the DNA strand during replication. This can happen when the replicating strand “slips, ” or wrinkles, which allows the extra nucleotide to be incorporated (Figure 2). Strand slippage can also lead to deletion mutations.