AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A frameshift variant occurs when there is an addition or loss of nucleotides that shifts the grouping and changes the code for all downstream amino acids. The resulting protein is usually nonfunctional. Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift variants.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mutations can be of many types, such as substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Types of Mutations There are three types of DNA Mutations: base substitutions, deletions and insertions.

Detailed explanation-4: -Frameshift Mutation A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. This is important because a cell reads a gene’s code in groups of three bases when making a protein.

Detailed explanation-5: -The four main types of structural chromosomal aberrations are deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation. Deletions occur when a portion of the chromosome is deleted, or taken out, which can make that chromosome less functional.