AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Adding an antibiotic resistance gene to the plasmid solves both problems at once – it allows a scientist to easily detect plasmid-containing bacteria when the cells are grown on selective media, and provides those bacteria with a pressure to keep your plasmid.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bacteria with a plasmid are antibiotic-resistant, and each one will form a colony. Colonies with the right plasmid can be grown to make large cultures of identical bacteria, which are used to produce plasmid or make protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Researchers can insert DNA fragments or genes into a plasmid vector, creating a so-called recombinant plasmid. This plasmid can be introduced into a bacterium by way of the process called transformation. Then, because bacteria divide rapidly, they can be used as factories to copy DNA fragments in large quantities.

Detailed explanation-4: -How the plasmid clones can be screened? Explanation: Plasmid contains a selectable marker that allows cells that contain the vector to be easily identified. Thus selectable markers are used to screen clones.

Detailed explanation-5: -Some genetically modified plants contain genes that make the plant resistant to certain antibiotics. Scientists often add these resistant genes during genetic modification so that the GM plants and cells can be distinguished from non-GM ones.