AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Recombinant molecules enter living cells in a process called transformation. Usually, only a single recombinant molecule will enter any individual bacterial cell. Once inside, the recombinant DNA molecule replicates like any other plasmid DNA molecule, and many copies are subsequently produced.

Detailed explanation-2: -In transformation, the DNA (usually in the form of a plasmid) is introduced into a competent strain of bacteria, so that the bacteria may then replicate the sequence of interest in amounts suitable for further analysis and/or manipulation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transformation is the process of inducing the cells to take up the recombinant DNA. The cells that take up the DNA are called transformants, and the ones that do not take the recombinant DNA are called non-transformants. The transformed cells are differentiated from the non-transformed cells by selectable markers.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transformation is a form of genetic recombination in which a DNA fragment from a dead, degraded bacterium enters a competent recipient bacterium and is exchanged for a piece of DNA of the recipient.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gene Transfer: The introduction of new DNA into an existing organism’s cell, usually by vectors such as plasmids and modified viruses.