AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -E. coli are also the natural host cell of the bacteriophage lambda. A bacteriophage is a virus that targets bacteria and enables the process of transduction, which is the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another via a virus. Lambda phage is itself a model organism used to study viruses.

Detailed explanation-2: -Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless.

Detailed explanation-3: -E. coli is a preferred host for gene cloning due to the high efficiency of introduction of DNA molecules into cells. E. coli is a preferred host for protein production due to its rapid growth and the ability to express proteins at very high levels.

Detailed explanation-4: -Host Cell Examples CD4+T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC) are the host cells for HIV (Human immune deficiency virus) Respiratory tract epithelial cells are the host cells for the Influenza virus. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts are the host cells for the Ebola virus.

Detailed explanation-5: -E. coli is the most frequently used host for production of enzymes and other proteins by recombinant DNA technology. E. coli is preferable for its relative simplicity, inexpensive and fast high-density cultivation, well-known genetics, and large number of compatible molecular tools available.