THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
RECOMBINANT DNA
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Insertion of foreign DNA into a cell
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Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA molecule
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Semiconservative replication shown by DNA
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Synthesis of DNA molecule using mRNA template
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Detailed explanation-1: -Bacteria can take up foreign DNA in a process called transformation. Transformation is a key step in DNA cloning. It occurs after restriction digest and ligation and transfers newly made plasmids to bacteria. After transformation, bacteria are selected on antibiotic plates.
Detailed explanation-2: -Transformation is one mode of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria, wherein extracellular naked DNA is taken up by cells that have developed genetic competence. Sensitivity to DNase, which degrades naked DNA, is the key to distinguishing transformation from the DNase-resistant HGT mechanisms.
Detailed explanation-3: -Transduction occurs when foreign DNA or RNA is introduced into bacterial or eukaryotic cells via a virus or viral vector. One example are bacteriophages that attach to bacterial membranes and inject their genetic material into the cell.
Detailed explanation-4: -A transgenic, or genetically modified, organism is one that has been altered through recombinant DNA technology, which involves either the combining of DNA from different genomes or the insertion of foreign DNA into a genome.