THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Nucleotide, strand, double helix, chromosome, genome
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Nucleotide, phosphodiester bond, hydrogen bond, histone
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Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group, nucleotide
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Single strand, double helix, histone, genome, chromosome
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Nucleotide, strand, hairpin loop, 3-D structure
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Detailed explanation-1: -Like proteins, RNA structure can be described in terms of its primary (sequence), secondary (hairpins, bulges and internal loops), tertiary (A-minor motif, 3-way junction, pseudoknot, etc.) and quaternary structure (supermolecular organisation).
Detailed explanation-2: -All mRNAs are read in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and polypeptide chains are synthesized from the amino to the carboxy terminus. Each amino acid is specified by three bases (a codon) in the mRNA, according to a nearly universal genetic code.
Detailed explanation-3: -An RNA hairpin is an essential secondary structure of RNA. It can guide RNA folding, determine interactions in a ribozyme, protect messenger RNA (mRNA) from degradation, serve as a recognition motif for RNA binding proteins or act as a substrate for enzymatic reactions.
Detailed explanation-4: -Transfer RNA (tRNA) tRNA is the smallest of the 3 types of RNA, possessing around 75-95 nucleotides. tRNAs are an essential component of translation, where their main function is the transfer of amino acids during protein synthesis.