AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The universal triple-nucleotide genetic code, allowing DNA-encoded mRNA to be translated into the amino acid sequences of proteins using transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and many accessory and modification factors, is essentially common to all living organisms on Earth (1, –3).

Detailed explanation-2: -Concept 34 Genes can be moved between species. Because of the universality of the genetic code, the polymerases of one organism can accurately transcribe a gene from another organism. For example, different species of bacteria obtain antibiotic resistance genes by exchanging small chromosomes called plasmids.

Detailed explanation-3: -The standard genetic code (SGC) is virtually universal among extant life forms. Although many deviations from the universal code exist, particularly in organelles and prokaryotes with small genomes, they are limited in scope and obviously secondary.

Detailed explanation-4: -Evidence of Evolution: Universal Genetic Code Because of the genetic code, a lot of very different species have the same genes. Similarities and differences between the same gene in two different species can tell us how closely related they are.

Detailed explanation-5: -What has the universality of the genetic code allowed scientists to do? It allows scientists to produce proteins in order organisms by transplanting genes.