AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are universally distributed enzymes that catalyze the esterification of a tRNA to its cognate amino acid (i.e., the amino acid corresponding to the anticodon triplet of the tRNA according to the genetic code) (Ibba and Soll 2000; Pang et al.

Detailed explanation-2: -A group of enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases attaches the correct amino acid to the corresponding tRNA. These enzymes are very specific and recognize the correct tRNA by its sequence at the anticodon or elsewhere along the RNA structure. There is a specific aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for each amino acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -The attachment of amino acids to tRNAs-‘charging’ in molecular biology jargon-is the function of the group of enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Detailed explanation-4: -One end of the tRNA binds to a specific amino acid (amino acid attachment site) and the other end has an anticodon that will bind to an mRNA codon. One end of the L shape has the anticodon, while the other has the attachment site for the amino acid.

Detailed explanation-5: -There are many different types of tRNA and each tRNA is recognised by a tRNA-activating enzyme. This enzyme binds a specific amino acid to the tRNA by using ATP as an energy source. The tRNA molecule has a specific structure. It contains double stranded sections (due to base pairing via hydrogen bonds) and loops.