AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Creative Commons Avery, O. T. et al. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transformation was first demonstrated in 1928 by British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith. In 1928, Frederick Griffith was credited with discovering transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Colin M, Oswald T. Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and MacLeod, 1944 exhibited that DNA was the transforming principle.

Detailed explanation-3: -Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty showed that DNA (not proteins) can transform the properties of cells, clarifying the chemical nature of genes. Avery, MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as the “transforming principle” while studying Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacteria that can cause pneumonia.

Detailed explanation-4: -In a very simple experiment, Oswald Avery’s group showed that DNA was the “transforming principle.” When isolated from one strain of bacteria, DNA was able to transform another strain and confer characteristics onto that second strain. DNA was carrying hereditary information.

Detailed explanation-5: -Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery were key researchers in the discovery of DNA. Griffith was a British medical officer and geneticist. In 1928, in what is today known as Griffith’s experiment, he discovered what he called a “transforming principle” that caused inheritance.