AP BIOLOGY

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THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Emma visited her family doctor in November to receive a flu vaccination, as it has been a very harsh flu season. As the doctor escorted Emma to the checkout station, he reminded her that it is very important that she return next year to receive another flu shot. Why must Emma get a new flu vaccination every year?
A
Because her immunities will wear off.
B
Because the doctor wants to make more money by selling more vaccines.
C
Because the influenza virus mutates rapidly and this year’s vaccine will not be effective against next year’s flu.
D
Because the vaccine builds up in a person’s system. The more vaccines Emma receives the higher her immunity to the virus.
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -The lytic cycle is named for the process of lysis, which occurs when a virus has infected a cell, replicated new virus particles, and bursts through the cell membrane. This releases the new virions, or virus complexes, so they can infect more cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are proteins on the surface of a virus that allow it to attach to a host cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Recombination occurs when at least two viral genomes co-infect the same host cell and exchange genetic segments.

Detailed explanation-4: -Viruses contain the genetic code (DNA or RNA) which they are able to insert into a host cell’s genome. In the lytic cycle, a virus will rapidly destroy the host cell. Viruses do not have their own machinery to reproduce apart from the host.

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