AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The rotation of the filament allows bacteria to move around in their environment. The motor embedded in the bacterial cell membrane rotates-just as a car motor spins beneath the hood of the vehicle-to drive the movement of the filament outside.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bacteria propel and change direction by rotating long, helical filaments, called flagella. The number of flagella, their arrangement on the cell body and their sense of rotation hypothetically determine the locomotion characteristics of a species.

Detailed explanation-3: -Prokaryotic (bacterial and archaeal) flagella run in a rotary movement, while eukaryotic flagella run in a bending movement. The prokaryotic flagellum uses a rotary motor, and the eukaryotic flagellum uses a complex sliding filament system.

Detailed explanation-4: -Flagella are complex machines embedded in the cell envelope that rotate a long extracellular helical filament like a propeller to push cells through the environment.

Detailed explanation-5: -Many bacteria glide over surfaces without the aid of flagella. Gliding is still somewhat mysterious, but recent studies show that it involves specialized secretory systems that assemble membrane-associated filaments, and the recognition of extracellular components that trigger movement via transmembrane transducers.